ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণে বিষয়-ক্রিয়ার সমন্বয় (Subject-Verb Agreement)
ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণে বিষয়-ক্রিয়ার সমন্বয় (Subject-Verb Agreement) বলতে বোঝায় বাক্যের বিষয় (Subject) এবং ক্রিয়া (Verb) এর মধ্যে সংখ্যা (Singular/Plural) এবং পুরুষ (Person) অনুযায়ী সামঞ্জস্য থাকা। এটি নিশ্চিত করে যে বাক্যটি ব্যাকরণগতভাবে সঠিক এবং অর্থপূর্ণ। নিচে বিষয়-ক্রিয়ার সমন্বয়ের নিয়ম এবং উদাহরণ টেবিল আকারে দেওয়া হলো।
Full Rules of Subject-Verb Agreement with Examples
Rule 1: Singular Subject → Singular Verb
Singular subject হলে verb-এ s/es যোগ হয়।
- He plays football.
- She reads a book.
Rule 2: Plural Subject → Plural Verb
Plural subject হলে verb-এর সাথে s/es যোগ হয় না।
- They play football.
- We read books.
Rule 3: Subjects Joined by "and"
"and" দ্বারা যুক্ত দুটি subject সাধারণত plural verb নেয়।
- Rahim and Karim are friends.
- The teacher and the student work hard.
Rule 4: Subjects Joined by "or"/"nor"
Verb নিকটবর্তী subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Either Rahim or Karim is guilty.
- Neither the teacher nor the students are present.
Rule 5: Collective Noun
Collective noun একক বোঝালে singular verb, আলাদা সদস্য বোঝালে plural verb নেয়।
- The team is strong.
- The team are arguing among themselves.
Rule 6: Indefinite Pronouns
Each, everyone, someone, nobody ইত্যাদি সর্বদা singular verb নেয়।
- Everyone is happy.
- Each student has a pen.
Rule 7: Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable noun সবসময় singular verb নেয়।
- Milk is good for health.
- Money makes the world go round.
Rule 8: Plural Form but Singular Meaning
Plural form হলেও singular অর্থ হলে singular verb নেয়।
- Mathematics is difficult.
- Physics is interesting.
Rule 9: Titles of Books, Movies, Organizations
এসব সবসময় singular verb নেয়।
- The United Nations is working for peace.
- The Avengers is a popular movie.
Rule 10: Fractions and Percentages
Noun singular হলে singular verb, plural হলে plural verb।
- One-third of the cake is left.
- Fifty percent of the students are present.
Rule 11: Distances, Periods, Amounts
একক হিসেবে গণ্য হলে singular verb নেয়।
- Five miles is a long distance.
- Ten years is a long time.
Rule 12: "A number of" vs "The number of"
"A number of" plural verb নেয়, কিন্তু "The number of" singular verb নেয়।
- A number of students are absent.
- The number of students is large.
Rule 13: Subjects with "with", "along with", "as well as"
Main subject অনুযায়ী verb হবে।
- The teacher, along with the students, is going.
- Rahim, as well as Karim, was present.
Rule 14: "One of" + plural noun
Singular verb নেয়।
- One of my friends is ill.
- One of the boys has done this.
Rule 15: "More than one"
Singular verb নেয়।
- More than one student is absent.
Rule 16: "None"
Context অনুযায়ী singular বা plural verb নিতে পারে।
- None of the money is mine.
- None of the students are absent.
Rule 17: "Each of", "Every"
Singular verb নেয়।
- Each of the boys is honest.
- Every man has duties.
Rule 18: Words Ending with "s" but Singular in Meaning
Singular verb নেয়।
- News is important.
- Politics is a dirty game.
Rule 19: Subjects Separated by "either...or" / "neither...nor"
Verb নিকটবর্তী subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Either the teacher or the students are present.
- Neither the boys nor the girl is guilty.
Rule 20: Relative Pronouns (who, which, that)
Verb এর number নির্ভর করে antecedent-এর উপর।
- He is one of the boys who play football. (boys → play)
- She is the only one who plays football. (one → plays)